The effects of temperature on parental investment in a cooperative breeder (#82)
Climate
effects on population stability may manifest through their influence on
breeding behaviour. For example, in extreme temperatures individuals may trade
off their own body condition and survival against that of their young. Despite
convincing evidence that this trade-off (parental care choice; Ghalambor &
Martin 2001) exists in nature, this has rarely been investigated with respect
to the potential impact of climate change on parental investment strategies. Here,
we investigated the extent to which high temperatures affect offspring
provisioning rates in a cooperative breeder (the pied babbler, Turdoides bicolor). In this species, individuals
steadily lose body mass above a critical maximum temperature of 35.5 oC.
We investigated the ramifications of this critical temperature point by
determining the ability of individuals to maintain provisioning rates to young
(a costly activity) during high temperatures. We
predicted that on hot days when birds were struggling to thermoregulate (above
35.5 oC), they would trade off their own condition against
that of their offspring. We found that adults provisioned dependent young
significantly less on hot versus cold days. However, neither weight gain nor
foraging efficiency differed for adults on these days, supporting theoretical
predictions that during periods of environmental stress, adults in longer-lived
species will trade off maintenance of their own condition against that of their
young. More detailed analysis revealed
that parents significantly reduced their investment on hot days whereas
subordinate helpers did not. These differences in investment among adults
support previous empirical evidence in fairy-wrens (Russell et al 2007),
suggesting that one benefit of group-living for cooperative breeders is that
they can reduce investment in their own young when helpers are present to
provide additional care. Our findings provide some of the first empirical
evidence that hotter temperatures are affecting reproductive investment
decisions in cooperative breeders.
- Ghalambor, C. K., & Martin, T. E. (2001). Fecundity-survival trade-offs and parental risk-taking in birds. Science, 292(5516), 494-497.
- Russell, A. F., Langmore, N. E., Cockburn, A., Astheimer, L. B., & Kilner, R. M. (2007). Reduced egg investment can conceal helper effects in cooperatively breeding birds. Science, 317(5840), 941-944.