I review the evidence for links between consistent among-individual variation in behaviour (animal personality) and the ability win contests over limited resources, focussing on recent experiments in hermit crabs and sea anemones. Bold behaviours often co-vary with contest behaviour and outcome, although there is evidence that the structure of these behavioural syndromes can change across situations. Aggression itself is typically repeatable, but also subject to high within-individual variation as a consequence of plastic responses to previous fight and outcomes opponent traits. Common proximate mechanisms may underpin variation in both contest behaviour and general personality traits. Given the theoretical links between the evolution of fighting and of personality, with the possibility that both are driven by negative frequency dependent selection, longitudinal studies of contest behaviour, combining behavioural and physiological data, should be a useful context for the study of animal personalities.